....„Grand Tack“ Scenario Walsch, Morbidelli, Raymond, O‘Brien, Mandell (2011) The Grand Tack model of Walsch et al employs this pairwise outward migration to allow Jupiter to migrate inward for a while and then get „saved“ before plunging into the Sun by being resonantly captured by Saturn. The pair then migrates outward again. This might explain the emptiness of the asteroid belt.
Ringworld is a 1970 science fiction novel ...
Ringworld tells the story of Louis Wu and his companions on a mission to the Ringworld, a rotating wheel artificial world, an alien construct in space 186 million miles (299 million kilometres) in diameter. Niven later added three sequel novels .... On planet Earth in 2850 AD, Louis Gridley Wu is celebrating his 200th birthday.
The Ringworld Engineers ''....In the novel's introduction, Niven says that MIT students attending the 1971 World Science Fiction Convention chanted, "The Ringworld is unstable! The Ringworld is unstable!" Niven says that one reason he wrote The Ringworld Engineers was to address these engineering problems. ...''
" To the untrained interpreter, early Vedic Hinduism may appear to be polytheistic or henotheistic due to the sheer number of gods mentioned within the text. There is, however, a more monistic sentiment present. For example, the Rig Veda attests that "To what is One, sages give many a title,"[6] which suggests that early Hindus had some awareness of a unified reality underlying the worldly and cosmic multiplicity. Other parts of the Vedas also provide numerous suggestions as to what this monistic essence actually is, such as hiranya-garbha (the golden germ), Agni (the Vedic deity who represents fire, seen to be present within all things), purusha (the cosmic being) and the idea of Brahmaspiti (sacred utterance), which evolved into the central concept of Brahman (monistic Oneness) in the Upanishads and became the universally accepted monistic principle for the Hindu tradition. Brahman is considered to be the sum total of all that ever is, was, or ever will be, including the human soul, or Atman. Even the individual personal gods that have become so identifiable in both ancient and modern Hinduism are considered to be manifestations of this decidedly monistic concept.
ReplyDeleteNevertheless, the first clearly explicated, absolute monistic system that developed in Hinduism was that of Shankara (c. 700-750 C.E.), an eighth-century Hindu mystic and philosopher. Shankara established the advaita (nondualist) system of Vedanta that had a significant impact on Hindu thought. Shankara declared that everything in the universe except for Brahman is essentially an illusion. This view of Brahman as the ontological ground of being resembles a variation of pantheistic thought that is often called acosmic pantheism (the belief that the absolute God makes up the totality of reality, with the universe representing something of a superimposed illusion). Therefore, all the particulars of the spatial and temporal world are only functions of Brahman, appearing only because of human ignorance to the fact they are all functions of the one Brahman.
Ramanuja (1017-1137), the famous philosopher saint of Vaishnava Hinduism, argued in favor of a qualified monism (visistadvaita), adding that souls, matter, and Isvara must also be counted as real but fully dependant on Brahman. His system affirmed the existence of a personal God in contrast to Shankara's impersonal view of Brahman.
Caitanya (1485-1533), another mystic saint of India, taught a form of monotheistic devotion to Krishna that also suggested a blending of monistic theism. For Caitanya, Krishna is the sole supreme entity in the universe, and all other conceptions of god are manifestations of Him, including the ineffable Brahman.
The concept of a personal omnipotent Supreme Being who is immanent is prevalent in modern Hinduism. Even the more overtly polytheistic sects of contemporary Hinduism, such as the Smarta school, are monistic or non-dualistic, conceiving of the various deities as heuristic devices by which to understand and connect with the one indescribable Brahman from which all is derived.
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http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Monism
link http://mathias.woelfing.org/?page_id=137
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